qengine.hpp

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//
// (C) Daniel Strano and the Qrack contributors 2017-2022. All rights reserved.
//
// This is a multithreaded, universal quantum register simulation, allowing
// (nonphysical) register cloning and direct measurement of probability and
// phase, to leverage what advantages classical emulation of qubits can have.
//
// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License V3.
// See LICENSE.md in the project root or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.en.html
// for details.
 
#pragma once
 
#include "qinterface.hpp"
#include "qparity.hpp"
 
#if ENABLE_ALU
#include "qalu.hpp"
#endif
 
namespace Qrack {
 
class QEngine;
typedef std::shared_ptr<QEngine> QEnginePtr;
 
#if ENABLE_ALU
class QEngine : public QAlu, public QParity, public QInterface {
#else
class QEngine : public QParity, public QInterface {
#endif
protected:
    bool useHostRam;
    real1 runningNorm;
    bitCapIntOcl maxQPowerOcl;
 
    inline bool IsPhase(complex const* mtrx) { return IS_NORM_0(mtrx[1]) && IS_NORM_0(mtrx[2]); }
    inline bool IsInvert(complex const* mtrx) { return IS_NORM_0(mtrx[0]) && IS_NORM_0(mtrx[3]); }
 
    bool IsIdentity(complex const* mtrx, bool isControlled)
    {
        // If the effect of applying the buffer would be (approximately or exactly) that of applying the identity
        // operator, then we can discard this buffer without applying it.
        if (!IS_NORM_0(mtrx[0U] - mtrx[3U]) || !IsPhase(mtrx)) {
            return false;
        }
 
        // Now, we know that mtrx[1] and mtrx[2] are 0 and mtrx[0]==mtrx[3].
 
        // If the global phase offset has been randomized, we assume that global phase offsets are inconsequential, for
        // the user's purposes. If the global phase offset has not been randomized, user code might explicitly depend on
        // the global phase offset.
 
        if ((isControlled || !randGlobalPhase) && !IS_SAME(ONE_CMPLX, mtrx[0U])) {
            return false;
        }
 
        // If we haven't returned false by now, we're buffering an identity operator (exactly or up to an arbitrary
        // global phase factor).
        return true;
    }
 
    void EitherMtrx(const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls, complex const* mtrx, bitLenInt target, bool isAnti);
 
public:
    QEngine(bitLenInt qBitCount, qrack_rand_gen_ptr rgp = nullptr, bool doNorm = false, bool randomGlobalPhase = true,
        bool useHostMem = false, bool useHardwareRNG = true, real1_f norm_thresh = REAL1_EPSILON)
        : QInterface(qBitCount, rgp, doNorm, useHardwareRNG, randomGlobalPhase, norm_thresh)
        , useHostRam(useHostMem)
        , runningNorm(ONE_R1)
        , maxQPowerOcl(pow2Ocl(qBitCount))
    {
        if (qBitCount > (sizeof(bitCapIntOcl) * bitsInByte)) {
            throw std::invalid_argument(
                "Cannot instantiate a register with greater capacity than native types on emulating system.");
        }
    };
 
    QEngine()
        : useHostRam(false)
        , runningNorm(ONE_R1)
        , maxQPowerOcl(0U)
    {
        // Intentionally left blank
    }
 
    virtual ~QEngine()
    {
        // Virtual destructor for inheritance
    }
 
    virtual void SetQubitCount(bitLenInt qb)
    {
        QInterface::SetQubitCount(qb);
        maxQPowerOcl = (bitCapIntOcl)maxQPower;
    }
 
    virtual real1_f GetRunningNorm()
    {
        Finish();
        return (real1_f)runningNorm;
    }
 
    virtual void SwitchHostPtr(bool useHostMem){};
    virtual void ResetHostPtr() { SwitchHostPtr(useHostRam); }
    virtual void SetDevice(int64_t dID) {}
    virtual int64_t GetDevice() { return -1; }
 
    virtual void ZeroAmplitudes() = 0;
    virtual void CopyStateVec(QEnginePtr src) = 0;
    virtual bool IsZeroAmplitude() = 0;
    virtual void GetAmplitudePage(complex* pagePtr, bitCapIntOcl offset, bitCapIntOcl length) = 0;
    virtual void SetAmplitudePage(complex const* pagePtr, bitCapIntOcl offset, bitCapIntOcl length) = 0;
    virtual void SetAmplitudePage(
        QEnginePtr pageEnginePtr, bitCapIntOcl srcOffset, bitCapIntOcl dstOffset, bitCapIntOcl length) = 0;
    virtual void ShuffleBuffers(QEnginePtr engine) = 0;
    virtual QEnginePtr CloneEmpty() = 0;
 
    virtual void QueueSetDoNormalize(bool doNorm) = 0;
    virtual void QueueSetRunningNorm(real1_f runningNrm) = 0;
 
    virtual void ZMask(bitCapInt mask) { PhaseParity((real1_f)PI_R1, mask); }
 
    virtual bool ForceM(bitLenInt qubitIndex, bool result, bool doForce = true, bool doApply = true);
    virtual bitCapInt ForceM(const std::vector<bitLenInt>& bits, const std::vector<bool>& values, bool doApply = true);
    virtual bitCapInt ForceMReg(
        bitLenInt start, bitLenInt length, bitCapInt result, bool doForce = true, bool doApply = true);
 
    virtual void ApplyM(bitCapInt qPower, bool result, complex nrm)
    {
        bitCapInt powerTest = result ? qPower : 0U;
        ApplyM(qPower, powerTest, nrm);
    }
    virtual void ApplyM(bitCapInt regMask, bitCapInt result, complex nrm) = 0;
 
    virtual void Mtrx(complex const* mtrx, bitLenInt qubit);
    virtual void MCMtrx(const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls, complex const* mtrx, bitLenInt target)
    {
        EitherMtrx(controls, mtrx, target, false);
    }
    virtual void MACMtrx(const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls, complex const* mtrx, bitLenInt target)
    {
        EitherMtrx(controls, mtrx, target, true);
    }
    virtual void UCMtrx(
        const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls, const complex* mtrx, bitLenInt target, bitCapInt controlPerm);
    virtual void CSwap(const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls, bitLenInt qubit1, bitLenInt qubit2);
    virtual void AntiCSwap(const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls, bitLenInt qubit1, bitLenInt qubit2);
    virtual void CSqrtSwap(const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls, bitLenInt qubit1, bitLenInt qubit2);
    virtual void AntiCSqrtSwap(const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls, bitLenInt qubit1, bitLenInt qubit2);
    virtual void CISqrtSwap(const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls, bitLenInt qubit1, bitLenInt qubit2);
    virtual void AntiCISqrtSwap(const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls, bitLenInt qubit1, bitLenInt qubit2);
 
#if ENABLE_ALU
    using QInterface::M;
    virtual bool M(bitLenInt q) { return QInterface::M(q); }
    using QInterface::X;
    virtual void X(bitLenInt q) { QInterface::X(q); }
    virtual void INC(bitCapInt toAdd, bitLenInt start, bitLenInt length) { QInterface::INC(toAdd, start, length); }
    virtual void DEC(bitCapInt toSub, bitLenInt start, bitLenInt length) { QInterface::DEC(toSub, start, length); }
    virtual void INCC(bitCapInt toAdd, bitLenInt start, bitLenInt length, bitLenInt carryIndex)
    {
        QInterface::INCC(toAdd, start, length, carryIndex);
    }
    virtual void DECC(bitCapInt toSub, bitLenInt start, bitLenInt length, bitLenInt carryIndex)
    {
        QInterface::DECC(toSub, start, length, carryIndex);
    }
    virtual void INCS(bitCapInt toAdd, bitLenInt start, bitLenInt length, bitLenInt overflowIndex)
    {
        QInterface::INCS(toAdd, start, length, overflowIndex);
    }
    virtual void DECS(bitCapInt toSub, bitLenInt start, bitLenInt length, bitLenInt overflowIndex)
    {
        QInterface::DECS(toSub, start, length, overflowIndex);
    }
    virtual void CINC(bitCapInt toAdd, bitLenInt inOutStart, bitLenInt length, const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls)
    {
        QInterface::CINC(toAdd, inOutStart, length, controls);
    }
    virtual void CDEC(bitCapInt toSub, bitLenInt inOutStart, bitLenInt length, const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls)
    {
        QInterface::CDEC(toSub, inOutStart, length, controls);
    }
    virtual void INCDECC(bitCapInt toAdd, bitLenInt start, bitLenInt length, bitLenInt carryIndex)
    {
        QInterface::INCDECC(toAdd, start, length, carryIndex);
    }
    virtual void MULModNOut(bitCapInt toMul, bitCapInt modN, bitLenInt inStart, bitLenInt outStart, bitLenInt length)
    {
        QInterface::MULModNOut(toMul, modN, inStart, outStart, length);
    }
    virtual void IMULModNOut(bitCapInt toMul, bitCapInt modN, bitLenInt inStart, bitLenInt outStart, bitLenInt length)
    {
        QInterface::IMULModNOut(toMul, modN, inStart, outStart, length);
    }
    virtual void CMULModNOut(bitCapInt toMul, bitCapInt modN, bitLenInt inStart, bitLenInt outStart, bitLenInt length,
        const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls)
    {
        QInterface::CMULModNOut(toMul, modN, inStart, outStart, length, controls);
    }
    virtual void CIMULModNOut(bitCapInt toMul, bitCapInt modN, bitLenInt inStart, bitLenInt outStart, bitLenInt length,
        const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls)
    {
        QInterface::CIMULModNOut(toMul, modN, inStart, outStart, length, controls);
    }
#endif
 
    using QInterface::Swap;
    virtual void Swap(bitLenInt qubit1, bitLenInt qubit2);
    using QInterface::ISwap;
    virtual void ISwap(bitLenInt qubit1, bitLenInt qubit2);
    using QInterface::IISwap;
    virtual void IISwap(bitLenInt qubit1, bitLenInt qubit2);
    using QInterface::SqrtSwap;
    virtual void SqrtSwap(bitLenInt qubit1, bitLenInt qubit2);
    using QInterface::ISqrtSwap;
    virtual void ISqrtSwap(bitLenInt qubit1, bitLenInt qubit2);
    using QInterface::FSim;
    virtual void FSim(real1_f theta, real1_f phi, bitLenInt qubitIndex1, bitLenInt qubitIndex2);
 
    virtual real1_f ProbAll(bitCapInt fullRegister)
    {
        if (doNormalize) {
            NormalizeState();
        }
 
        return clampProb((real1_f)norm(GetAmplitude(fullRegister)));
    }
    virtual real1_f CtrlOrAntiProb(bool controlState, bitLenInt control, bitLenInt target);
    virtual real1_f CProb(bitLenInt control, bitLenInt target) { return CtrlOrAntiProb(true, control, target); }
    virtual real1_f ACProb(bitLenInt control, bitLenInt target) { return CtrlOrAntiProb(false, control, target); }
    virtual real1_f ProbReg(bitLenInt start, bitLenInt length, bitCapInt permutation) = 0;
    virtual void ProbRegAll(bitLenInt start, bitLenInt length, real1* probsArray);
    virtual real1_f ProbMask(bitCapInt mask, bitCapInt permutation) = 0;
 
    virtual real1_f GetExpectation(bitLenInt valueStart, bitLenInt valueLength) = 0;
 
    virtual void Apply2x2(bitCapIntOcl offset1, bitCapIntOcl offset2, complex const* mtrx, bitLenInt bitCount,
        bitCapIntOcl const* qPowersSorted, bool doCalcNorm, real1_f norm_thresh = REAL1_DEFAULT_ARG) = 0;
    virtual void ApplyControlled2x2(const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls, bitLenInt target, complex const* mtrx);
    virtual void ApplyAntiControlled2x2(const std::vector<bitLenInt>& controls, bitLenInt target, complex const* mtrx);
 
    using QInterface::Decompose;
    virtual QInterfacePtr Decompose(bitLenInt start, bitLenInt length)
    {
        QEnginePtr dest = CloneEmpty();
        dest->SetQubitCount(length);
        Decompose(start, dest);
 
        return dest;
    }
 
    virtual std::map<bitCapInt, int> MultiShotMeasureMask(const std::vector<bitCapInt>& qPowers, unsigned shots);
    virtual void MultiShotMeasureMask(
        const std::vector<bitCapInt>& qPowers, unsigned shots, unsigned long long* shotsArray);
};
} // namespace Qrack